Art is a human activity consisting in this, that one man consciously, by means of certain external signs, hands on to others feelings he has lived through, and that other people are infected by these feelings and also experience them. And even if they are informed, articulate, and alive, it may be the case, as we have seen, that artists are never fully aware of the factors that go into their creations; perhaps other views of their work are as legitimate—even more legitimate—than their own. Tolstoy, like Plato, does not emphasize the work of the artist, but how the work relates with the world around it. If a society lives, there must be a religious perception indicating the direction in which, more or less consciously, all its members tend.It is safe to say that more than a century after Tolstoy’s death, “What is Art?” retains its appeal. Tolstoy believes that a work of art can be In past posts I have considered two popular theories of art, namely, the imitation theory (,“Art is a human activity consisting in this, that one man consciously, by means of certain external signs, hands on to others feelings he has lived through, and that other people are infected by these feelings and also experience them.”,This is a classificatory or descriptive definition of art insofar as it provides the necessary and sufficient conditions of art: if you have the specified conditions you have art; if you don’t have them you don’t have art. Works of art are everywhere, according to this view. He frequently publishes articles about art, history, and philosophy, while writing for TheCollector.The photographer and gallerist Alfred Stieglitz believed that portraiture painting would become obsolete throughout the beginning of the 20th century. Worth noting is that Tolstoy finds sincerity almost always present in “peasant art” but almost always absent in “upper-class art”. As knowledge becomes obsolete in society it is replaced by new and more relevant information. And Tolstoy himself wanted to exclude works that express feelings conducive to immoral deeds and character traits. Leo Tolstoy answered these questions in “What is Art?” (1897), his most comprehensive essay on the theory of art. Aristotle famously argued that pity and fear should be aroused when watching a drama. Tolstoy theory was that, "an artist's chief job is to express and communicate emotions to an audience." (1) We might argue that the artistic process is one where an artist’s feelings are only understood by working with the materials. The degree of infectiousness is not always the same but varies according to three conditions:The individuality of the feeling transmitted: the more specific to a person the feeling, the more successful the artwork.The clearness of the feeling transmitted: the clearness of expression assists the transition of feelings and increases the pleasure derived from art.The sincerity of the artist: the force with which the artist feels the emotion he/she transmits through his/her art.Out of all three, sincerity is the most important. However, he also wrote multiple philosophical and theological texts as well as theatrical plays and short stories. This is defined as the understanding of the meaning of life as conceived by a group of people. Art is opposed to non-art, art in general to art "in the full meaning of the word," and good art to bad art. Tolstoy asserts that emotions act the same way. Viewing it in this way we cannot fail to observe that art is one of the means of intercourse between man and man. of art, and phil. (1896) is a written work about his ideas concerning the nature of art. And what is the nature of the morality he uses for his artistic judgments?Art is a means of communicating feelings the same way words transmit thoughts. ), Philosophical analysis: a selection of essays, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1950 (71–96). Although he takes a clear stance in favor of Christianity as a valid foundation for morality, his definition of religious perception is flexible. Expression Theory of Art Source: Encyclopedia of Aesthetics Author(s): John Spackman. With time, art evolves rendering accessible the experience of humanity for humanity’s sake. The latter corresponds to the fine arts and is the area that Tolstoy investigates further in his essay. My weekly blog, full of long and short posts, is committed to this diversity and offers a domain in which various ideas come together in illuminating and often puzzling ways: they are like philosophical eggs. He died in 1810 at the age of 82 after suffering from pneumonia.Tolstoy wrote “What is art?” in 1897. Tolstoy's aesthetics is a classic formulation of the expressive theory of art. Again, it is emotions that unite men.

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