Use your answer to Question 1 to compute the volume of the Earth. Here’s how: In the (not-to-scale) Figure 3. To do so, he used Euclidean Geometry and … New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2010. 22, No. from the vertical direction in Syene. Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the Earth without leaving Egypt. I will not participate in it. It is not known when he wrote his works, but they highlighted his abilities. time. Eratosthenes' method to calculate the Earth's circumference has been lost; what has been preserved is the simplified version described by Cleomedes to popularise the discovery. This gave him an angle of 7.12 degrees. It was now possible to estimate one's distance from remote locations with this network over the surface of the Earth. The radius of the earth was therefore R = 40 000 / 2π = 6400 km. Well, he decided to measure this with a vertical stick in the ground Determining the earth's size. By the fifth century BCE, the Greeks had firmly established that the earth was a sphere.Although they knew it was a sphere, they didn't know how big the sphere was. [1] Unfortunately, his Geography has been lost to history, but fragments of the work can be pieced together from other great historians like Pliny, Polybius, Strabo, and Marcianus. Had Columbus set sail knowing that Eratosthenes’ larger circumference value was more accurate, he would have known that the place that he made landfall was not Asia, but rather a New World. he made the first good measurement of the size of the Earth. Well, the difference in angle between these two cities is equal to 7.12°, which is 50.56 times less than a full circle. Around 250 BC, at noon on the day of the summer solstice (when the sun is at its highest point in the Northern Hemisphere) in Syrene, Egypt, sunlight filled the vertical shaft of a well; this indicates that the sun is directly overhead, so a vertical pole would cast no shadow. value. Eratosthenes dated The Sack of Troy to 1183 BC. Around 255 BC, he invented the armillary sphere. Carl Sagan even says that Eratosthenes paid a man to walk and measure the distance (see the video below).eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'ourplnt_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',195,'0','0'])); Related: Is Earth as smooth as a billiard ball? Assuming that Alexandria was due north of Syene (in fact, Alexandria is on a more westerly longitude) he concluded, using geometry of parallel lines, that the distance from Alexandria to Syene must be 7/360 of the total circumference of the Earth (see the image below).eval(ez_write_tag([[580,400],'ourplnt_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_2',194,'0','0'])); So, if one would know the distance between Syene and Alexandria, s/he could calculate the circumference of the Earth. Local noon is – technically when the sub-solar point is somewhere over your meridian, it’s noon for you. Chambers, James T. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: κόσκινον Ἐρατοσθένους), one of a number of prime number sieves, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. There was a black spot on the bottom not illuminated by the sun. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant GEO-0355224. The difference in the angle between two cities along a curve. He sought to maintain the reputation of the Library of Alexandria against competition from the Library of Pergamum. Roller, Duane W. Eratosthenes' Geography. Since 1 Egyptian stadium is equal to 157.5 metres, the result is 39,375 km, which is 1.4% less than the real number, 40,076 km. Here a  Short video published by Business Insider explains Eratosthenes’ method below. Bailey, Ellen. [1] Cyrene became a place of cultivation, where knowledge blossomed. C = 360/7 x d (C-> circumference of Earth, d -> the distance between Syene and Alexandria). The Earth is Spherical ", "Eratosthenes on the "measurement" of the Earth", "The origin and value of the stadion unit used by Eratosthenes in the third century B.C", "Eratosthenes's large Earth and tiny universe", "Eratosthenes' Parallel of Rhodes and the History of the System of Climata", English translation of the primary source for Eratosthenes and the size of the Earth, About Eratosthenes' methods, including a Java applet, How the Greeks estimated the distances to the Moon and Sun, Measuring the Earth with Eratosthenes' method, List of ancient Greek mathematicians and contemporaries of Eratosthenes, New Advent Encyclopedia article on the Library of Alexandria, Eratosthenes' sieve in classic BASIC all-web based interactive programming environment, Open source Physics Computer Model about Eratosthenes estimation of radius and circumference of Earth, Eratosthenes, Katasterismoi (or Astrothesiae), original text, Ancient Greek and Hellenistic mathematics, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eratosthenes&oldid=982742484, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Cleomedes assumes that the distance between Syene and Alexandria was 5,000, he assumes the simplified (but false) hypothesis that Syene was precisely on the, he assumes the simplified (but false) hypothesis that Syene and Alexandria are on the same, The first book was something of an introduction and gave a review of his predecessors, recognizing their contributions that he compiled in the library.

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