The venous drainage of the duodenum follows the arteries. From the arcades, long and straight arteries arise, called vasa recta. [14], The name duodenum is from Medieval Latin, short for intestīnum duodēnum digitōrum, which may be translated: intestine of twelve finger-widths (in length), from Latin duodēnum, genitive pl. However, if the ulcer progresses to create a complete perforation through the bowel wall, this is a surgical emergency, and usually warrants immediate repair. Fig 4 – Arterial supply to the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine. Like other structures of the gastrointestinal tract, the duodenum has a mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia. [5]:273, The second part, or descending part, of the duodenum begins at the superior duodenal flexure. It is roughly horseshoe-shaped, with the open end up [5]:274 This part may be compressed between the aorta and SMA causing superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The name duodenum, meaning “two plus ten,” originated because the length of this part of the small bowel was thought to be equal to 12 fingers’ breadth. The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine. It begins at the inferior duodenal flexure and passes transversely to the left, passing in front of the inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta and the vertebral column. This article was most recently revised and updated by. Duodenal cancer is a cancer in the first section of the small intestine. The third part, or horizontal part or inferior part of the duodenum is 10~12 cm in length. Absorbed nutrients are moved into circulation by blood capillaries and lacteals, or lymph channels. [15] The Latin phrase intestīnum duodēnum digitōrum is thought to be a loan-translation from the Greek word dodekadaktylon (δωδεκαδάκτυλον), literally "twelve fingers long." The Duodenum. The second part of the duodenum also contains the minor duodenal papilla, the entrance for the accessory pancreatic duct. The duodenum receives arterial blood from two different sources. There is no clear external demarcation between the jejunum and ileum - although the two parts are macroscopically different. Illustrated anatomical parts with images from e-Anatomy and descriptions of anatomical structures . [2] In mammals the duodenum may be the principal site for iron absorption. The duodenum is situated in the abdominal cavity above the level of the umbilicus opposite to the L1, L2, L3 vertebrae. The corresponding specific proteins are expressed in the duodenal mucosa, and many of these are also expressed in the small intestine, such as ANPEP, a digestive enzyme, ACE, an enzyme involved in control of blood pressure, and RBP2, a protein involved in the uptake of vitamin A.[10]. Ducts from the pancreas and gallbladder enter at the major duodenal papilla (papilla of Vater) in the descending duodenum, bringing bicarbonate to neutralize the acid in the gastric secretions, pancreatic enzymes to further digestion, and bile salts to emulsify fat. It ascends upwards from the pylorus of the stomach, and is connected to the liver by the hepatoduodenal ligament. Lymphatic drainage is into the superior mesenteric nodes. The celiac artery and its branches; the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed, Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas, Diagram of the human duodenum with major parts labelled, American Heritage Dictionary, 4th edition, Bioinformatics § Gene and protein expression, "The human proteome in duodenum - The Human Protein Atlas", "Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: Guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology", "duodenum - Origin and meaning of duodenum by Online Etymology Dictionary", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duodenum&oldid=982693906, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013, Articles to be expanded from December 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 18:57. Ultimately these veins drain into the portal system, either directly or indirectly through the splenic or superior mesenteric vein and then to portal vein . The superior mesenteric artery and vein are anterior to the third part of duodenum. It is superior to the rest of the segments, at the vertebral level of L1. Revisions: 39. Try again to score 100%. The most proximal portion of the small intestine is the duodenum. Ulcers of the duodenum commonly occur because of infection by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. Together these parts form a ‘C’ shape, that is around 25cm long, and which wraps around the head of the pancreas. The initial 3cm of the superior duodenum is covered anteriorly and posteriorly by visceral peritoneum, with the remainder retroperitoneal (only covered anteriorly). A cross section of the superior duodenum, showing the myenteric nerve plexus (*), large clusters of Brunner glands (vertical centre), and a secretory duct (D) extending horizontally from a Brunner gland. The duodenum is a part of the small intestine.

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