LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) If you spend much time working with Calibration Gas it's very likely that you will see the term LEL used extensively.LEL, short for Lower Explosive Limit, is defined as the lowest concentration (by percentage) of a gas or vapor in air that is capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). Triangular diagram showing all possible mixtures of methane, oxygen and nitrogen. The term “autoignition” is used differently in different sources and contexts. Another possibility (for N2) I used myself is when you have literature data of flammable limits both in air and in pure oxygen. Definitions from the previous page are repeated here with additional technical details as to how they are measured. According to NFPA 921 [1], it is the upper and lower concentration limit at a specified temperature and pressure of a flammable gas or vapor of an ignitable liquid and air, expressed as a percentage of fuel by volume that can be ignited. For example, the concentration of gasoline vapor in a closed gasoline tank is above the flammability limit (too rich) and therefore will not ignite. See Thread798-33615 which has just been revived and has a useful discussion on flammability as well as some references. The lower explosive limit (LEL) is the minimum concentration of a specific combustible gas required to fire combustion when in contact with oxygen (air). ASTM (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials) publishes open and closed cup test procedures [2-4, 6] for repeatable flashpoint measurements; the value will vary considerably with conditions. Extended Le Chatelier's formula and nitrogen dilution effect on the flammability limits, Flammability characteristics of combustible gases and vapors, Electrical ignition energies and thermal autoignition temperatures for evaluating explosion hazards of dusts, Limits of Flammability of Gases and Vapors, Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, View 12 excerpts, references background and results, View 3 excerpts, references background and methods, View 6 excerpts, references background, results and methods, View 4 excerpts, references methods and background, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. A study on flammability limits of fuel mixtures. Abstract This paper presents data on the limiting (minimum) oxygen concentration (LOC), in the presence of added N2, of methane (CH4), propane (C3H8), ethylene (C2H4), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen (H2), and some of their binary mixtures. Below the LEL, the ratio of combustible gas molecules to oxygen is too low for combustion to occur. It also addresses the issue of the flammable concentration (flammability) limits of these pure gases in air. The study is based on spark ignited explosions in large, spherical laboratory vessels (120-L and 20-L) using a 7% pressure-rise criterion for…. If the concentration of the gas is below the LEL value, the mix between the gas itself and the air is too weak to spark. Most Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for vehicle liquids list flash point. Flammability limits are the boundaries of high and low fuel concentration, within which flammability is possible. The flash point of a liquid is the lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapor at a sufficient rate to support a momentary flame across its surface [1]. Flammability limits Flammability requires a fuel and oxygen together. Limits of flammability of various n-pentane-inert gas-air nmixtu- i a tt 250 C and atmospheric pressure- 33 33. The stoichiometric combustion of methane is: CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O. To view references for this page before continuing On the temperature dependence of flammability limits of gases. NFPA 921 [1] includes the following definitions: Autoignition: Initiation of combustion by heat but without spark or flame. Section 1915.12(a)(3). Flammability limits also depend upon the type and strength of the ignition source and atmosphere (% of oxygen in air, pressure and the temperature).

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