This is the only eye witness account of ball lightning forming, then staying in one area, then ending that the author has heard of.[96]. Ball lightning appeared on the left side of the window sill. A vacuum exists between the core and the electron layer containing an intense electromagnetic (EM) field, which is reflected and guided by the electron layer. [76][77][78] It was suggested that a ball lightning is based on spherically symmetric nonlinear oscillations of charged particles in plasma – the analogue of a spatial Langmuir soliton. The ball lightning left two holes in the plane. Several other hypotheses have been proposed to explain ball lightning: Great Thunderstorm of Widecombe-in-the-Moor, Direct measurements of natural ball lightning, This may be an incorrect translation of the word "blixtlokaliseringssystem" from the university article cited in the sources. It sounded like a large stream of water coming through a faucet. Additional video was recorded by a high-speed (3000 frames/sec) camera, which captured only the last 0.78 seconds of the event, due to its limited recording capacity. A review of the available literature published in 1972[46] identified the properties of a "typical" ball lightning, whilst cautioning against over-reliance on eye-witness accounts: In January 2014, scientists from Northwest Normal University in Lanzhou, China, published the results of recordings made in July 2012 of the optical spectrum of what was thought to be natural ball lightning made by chance during the study of ordinary cloud–ground lightning on the Tibetan Plateau. [14], An English journal reported that during an 1809 storm, three "balls of fire" appeared and "attacked" the British ship HMS Warren Hastings. Series of images showing the creation of a ball-lightning-like phenomenon in a laboratory. Descriptions of ball lightning appear in a variety of anecdotes over the centuries, but most scientists have treated reports of ball lightning skeptically. It occurred in air and in nitrous oxide, which possess such metastable ions, and not in atmospheres of argon, carbon dioxide, or helium, which do not. His engraver was knocked unconscious. Physics of Plasmas. As the vortex has a much smaller vector of energy compared to the overall energy of the reactant sonic shock wave, its vector is likely fractional to the overall reaction. Cooray and Cooray (2008)[90] stated that the features of hallucinations experienced by patients having epileptic seizures in the occipital lobe are similar to the observed features of ball lightning. [93], Seward proposes that ball lightning is a spinning plasma toroid or ring. Julio Rubinstein,[75] David Finkelstein, and James R. Powell proposed that ball lightning is a detached St. Elmo's fire (1964–1970). H. C. Wu proposed (2016) that ball lightning arises when a "relativistic electron bunch" forming at the tip of a lightning stroke excites "intense microwave radiation" under certain conditions. The ball of fire reportedly divided into two segments, one exiting through a window by smashing it open, the other disappearing somewhere inside the church. There are many interesting theories which explain this atmospheric electrical phenomenon. More recent research with transcranial magnetic stimulation has been shown to give the same hallucination results in the laboratory (termed magnetophosphenes), and these conditions have been shown to occur in nature near lightning strikes. For a globe the amplification factor is 3. ", "During a light thunderstorm in July of 1991," says Joanna Bosse of Nashville, Tennessee, "a ball of plasma about 3 inches in diameter entered through my den window. It was translucent, and the rapidly changing colors showed spots of light green, crimson, light blue, and pale yellow. Severe static was heard on the radio. It went into the front of the television set and exited through the wall behind the TV. Though usually associated with thunderstorms, the phenomenon is said to last considerably longer than the split-second flash of a lightning bolt. Nikola Tesla (1899 December) theorized that the balls consist of highly rarefied (but hot) gas.[49]. Using a high speed camera he was able to show that the bright balls were spinning plasma toroids. The wind was high and the air seemed to be full of electricity. They immediately lowered their topsails, but it came up so fast upon them, that, before they could raise the main tack, they observed the ball rise almost perpendicularly, and not above forty or fifty yards [35 or 45 m] from the main chains when it went off with an explosion, as great as if a hundred cannons had been discharged at the same time, leaving behind it a strong sulphurous smell.

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