On Monday, Mr Putin said he wanted Belarus to reactivate stalled plans for more integration with Moscow. Under Mr Putin, Russia has attempted to cement its influence over Belarus despite sporadic tensions over oil supplies and other bilateral issues. But even if the streets can be calmed, such an unprecedented outpouring of dissent, as has been seen, might make it impossible for President Lukashenko to see out his full term. Previously described by Washington as Europe's last dictator, he has faced regular criticism from the West over human rights abuses, something he denies. Following Lipai’s death in August, authorities closed the case. Belarus has been heavily criticised by rights bodies for suppressing free speech, muzzling the press and denying the opposition access to state media. In an April resolution, the European Parliament deplored the continued harassment of Belarusian activists, politicians, and journalists and urged the authorities to unblock the website of Charter ’97, abandon amendments to the Law on the Media, and end persecution of independent bloggers. The two countries also share close military ties. Belarus’ opaque legal and regulatory systems and rule of law deficiencies create a challenging business environment. Police searched Siatlou’s parents’ apartment and seized his laptop and video camera. An official inquiry found no police misconduct. Limiting Beijing’s Influence Over Accountability and Justice, Convincing “Middle Powers” to Fight Autocrats Despite High Costs, Time to Re-Energize the “Never Again” Movement, Human Judgment and Responsibility in the Age of Technology, Helping Older People Stay Connected, and at Home, Changing the Terms of Engagement with Silicon Valley. The former Soviet collective farm manager has ruled Belarus since 1994 and is the main focus of the demonstrations after winning a sixth term in office. The western official said this could then pave the way for a transition of leadership to someone perhaps deemed more widely acceptable though who still maintains the status quo of authoritarian rule. Police searched the offices of BelaPAN and TUT.by, an independent news website, as well as the editorial offices of several other media outlets (including some state-owned) and the homes of several journalists. Under Mr Putin, Russia has attempted to cement its influence over Belarus despite sporadic tensions over oil supplies and other bilateral issues. Belarus remains the only European country to use the death penalty. In February, human rights lawyer Elena Tonkacheva returned to Belarus after the expiration of an arbitrarily imposed three-year entry ban. In its June review of Belarus’ fifth periodic report to the UN Committee against Torture (CAT), the committee urged Belarus to put in place a moratorium on executions, with a view to abolishing the death penalty, highlighted “widespread” use of torture in Belarus, called for an end to the use of torture in detention, and warned against the use of psychiatric hospitalization for non-medical reasons. Authorities continued to deny registration to independent groups and opposition parties on arbitrary pretexts. In July, a court sentenced Halko to four years in prison and a fine of 930 Belarusian rubles (US$430). leaders are still learning to navigate a world ever more dangerous for them, while relations with the United States grow more and more awkward. Politicians fleeing, a questionable election and Europe's last dictator, Protests have been taking place in cities across Belarus. While the largest protests have been held in Minsk, people have also taken to the streets of cities including Brest, Mogilev and Vitebsk. Along with Mr Lukashenko's longstanding authoritarian rule, the people of Belarus have suffered from years of economic stagnation. The violation of Belarus' freely undertaken commitments under the OSCE in regards to basic rights and freedoms, freedom of expression, The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OECD) has not recognised any elections in Belarus as free and fair since 1995, and had previously said it would not be monitoring the 2020 vote because it had not invited to do so. That has been compounded by authorities effectively preventing a number of opposition candidates entering the presidential race. In December 2017, a court fined Anatol Bukas, chief editor of Naviny.by, 345 Belarusian rubles (roughly US$158) for writing about an unauthorized rally in Minsk. After days of pleading to enter Ukraine despite virus travel restrictions, some pilgrims sang the country’s national anthem, to no avail. The European Union decried shortcomings in the February local elections and spoke out against Belarus’ continued use of the death penalty and against the Freedom Day crackdown, stressing that respect for human rights is key in shaping the EU’s future relationship with Belarus. He has accused Moscow of taking advantage of the situation to draw Minsk closer into its orbit, by pressuring it to agree to closer integration. In February, the police beat Belsat cameraman Andrus Koziel for live-streaming vote counting during local elections and jailed him for one night. In recent months, his refusal to take measures against the COVID-19 crisis has also driven discontent. In March, a court fined him 735 Belarusian rubles (US$338) for disobeying police. In October 2017, authorities executed Kiryl Kazachok, sentenced on murder charges in December 2016. However, the opposition in Belarus lacks central leadership, particularly following the departure of their unlikely leader, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya. He fled to Russia with his sons in July amid reported threats he also faced prosecution. Police arbitrarily detained at least 110 people in connection with peaceful protests held in Minsk and other cities on March 25, traditionally celebrated by the opposition as Freedom Day. But as the main opposition candidate has fled the country, exactly what are its citizens protesting about, who are the main figures in the story and what has driven the growing discontent? Most turned back on Friday. In February, EU member states extended for one year the EU’s restrictive measures against Belarus in response to continued human rights violations, including an arms embargo and targeted sanctions against four individuals. Investigative authorities searched Lipai’s apartment and banned him from leaving Belarus pending trial. The foreign minister in Lithuania - where Ms Tsikhanouskaya has fled to and where her children were already located - has been a vocal critic of Russia over Belarus.

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