Constitutional conventions, although not legally binding, also play an important role in the UK’s legal fabric. "[11], Since 1789, along with the Constitution of the United States of America (hereinafter U.S. Constitution), which is the oldest and shortest written constitution still in force,[12] around 220 other similar constitutions were adopted around the world by independent states.[13]. When a government loses confidence, it stays in office until a new government is formed; something which normally but not necessarily required the holding of a general election. The last time this power was used was in 1974 when Queen Elizabeth II appointed Harold Wilson as prime minister, even though he did not command a majority in the House of Commons. Some, such as Montesquieu, also examined how the functions of government, such as legislative, executive, and judicial, might appropriately be separated into branches. That is, if there is any conflict between a legal statute and the codified constitution, all or part of the statute can be declared ultra vires by a court, and struck down as unconstitutional. Muhammad at Medina and R.B. Who is the Father of Constitution? Most states in the world have codified constitutions. E.g. Between 1220 and 1230, a Saxon administrator, Eike von Repgow, composed the Sachsenspiegel, which became the supreme law used in parts of Germany as late as 1900. Greate Britian is mother of democracy. The United Kingdom Constitution. The first book, with 62 articles, establishes councils, courts, various executive officers and the powers assigned to them. In a unitary state, sovereignty resides in the state itself, and the constitution determines this. The essence of Zakonopravilo was based on Corpus Iuris Civilis. The Spanish Constitution served as a model for other liberal constitutions of several South European and Latin American nations like, for example, Portuguese Constitution of 1822, constitutions of various Italian states during Carbonari revolts (i.e., in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies), the Norwegian constitution of 1814, or the Mexican Constitution of 1824.[61]. China, former Soviet Union, Cuba, Tanzania before 1992 and etc. In his works Constitution of Athens, Politics, and Nicomachean Ethics he explores different constitutions of his day, including those of Athens, Sparta, and Carthage. Of course, dictatorships or military juntas may look upon the rule of law in a different light. In addition, exceptional procedures are often required to amend a constitution. The threat of using the Parliament Acts may be sufficient to pass legislation which is unpopular in the House of Lords. Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and etc. The most basic definition he used to describe a constitution in general terms was "the arrangement of the offices in a state". This contrasts with other jurisdictions, such as the US, whose laws may often be challenged as being unconstitutional. ", Benjamin Franklin on the Iroquois League, in a letter to James Parker, 1751, Instrument of Government (England [1653]), "The Polish Constitution of May 3rd – a milestone in the history of law and the rise of democracy", "1811 Miranda Declares Independence in Venezuela and Civil War Begins", Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos (Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants), "The Constitutional Dilemma of Economic Liberty", The official English language translation of the Greek Constitution as of May 27, 2008, "Read about "Duty to pay taxes" on Constitute", "Read about "Duty to serve in the military" on Constitute", "Read about "Duty to work" on Constitute", "Read about "Claim of universal suffrage" on Constitute", "Read about "Freedom of assembly" on Constitute", "Read about "Freedom of association" on Constitute", "Read about "Freedom of expression" on Constitute", "Read about "Freedom of movement" on Constitute", "Read about "Freedom of opinion/thought/conscience" on Constitute", "Read about "Freedom of religion" on Constitute", "Read about "Human dignity" on Constitute", "Read about "Provision for civil marriage" on Constitute", "Read about "Right of petition" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to academic freedom" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to bear arms" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to conscientious objection" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to development of personality" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to found a family" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to information" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to marry" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to overthrow government" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to privacy" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to protect one's reputation" on Constitute", "Read about "Right to renounce citizenship" on Constitute", "Read about "Rights of children" on Constitute", "Read about "Rights of debtors" on Constitute", "Il bicameralismo tra due modelli mancati", "Read about "Central bank" on Constitute", "Read about "Counter corruption commission" on Constitute", "Read about "Electoral commission" on Constitute", "Read about "Establishment of judicial council" on Constitute", "Read about "Human rights commission" on Constitute", "Read about "Media commission" on Constitute", "Read about "Truth and reconciliation commission" on Constitute", United Nations Rule of Law: Constitution-making, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution&oldid=982788201, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles containing Serbian-language text, Articles that may contain original research from September 2016, All articles that may contain original research, Articles needing additional references from September 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with disputed statements from July 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Legislature (unicameral, joint session or lower house only), Afghanistan, Angola, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Djibouti, Ecuador, Honduras, Laos, Libya, Malawi, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Palestine, Portugal, Qatar, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Bulgaria, Solomon Islands (in some cases), Albania, Andorra, Armenia (some amendments), Egypt, Slovenia, Tunisia, Uganda, Yemen (some amendments), Zambia, Bahrain, Germany, India, Italy, Jordan, Namibia, Pakistan, Somalia, Zimbabwe, Lower house + upper house + joint session, Either house of legislature + joint session, Algeria, Australia, France, Ireland, Italy, Lower house + upper house + sub-national legislatures, Estonia, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Malawi, Palau, Philippines, Senegal, Serbia (in some cases), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, This page was last edited on 10 October 2020, at 10:28.

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