Synagogues often take on a broader role in modern Jewish communities and may include additional facilities such as a catering hall, kosher kitchen, religious school, library, day care center and a smaller chapel for daily services. This type is represented in 14th- and 15th-century illuminated Hebrew manuscripts of Spanish and German origin. After World War II, the creation of Arks became an art form and many artists experimented with new and daring forms, and with the use of new materials, such as concrete and glass. It is opened for certain prayers such as *Avinu Malkenu on fast days and during the *Ten Days of Penitence and for many of the piyyutim recited on the High Holy Day services. Among Ashkenazi Jews they are traditionally called shtiebel (שטיבל, pl. In a Sephardic synagogue, seats were usually arranged around the perimeter of the sanctuary, but when the worshipers stood up to pray, everyone faced the Ark. We offer educational content; connections to welcoming organizations, professionals and programs; resources and trainings for organizations, clergy and other program providers; and our Rukin Rabbinic Fellowship provides offerings for couples in cities nationwide. Ar., OḤ 154:7). The law is: "One must show great honor to the Torah scrolls and it is a mitzvah to set aside a special place for them, to honor that place, and to beautify it." They are welcome to come up to the bimah with their Jewish partners/family to participate in the aliyah. All rabbis were asked the same question, below, and their responses follow. Rabbi and philosopher, Maimonides (1138–1204), described the various customs in his day with respect to local synagogues: Synagogues and houses of study must be treated with respect. Most of these Arks are gabled, with open doors revealing the decorated Torah scrolls within. Relatives that are not Jewish are welcome to open the ark, come up to light candles on Friday night and often to do an additional English reading in the service. We offer educational content; connections to welcoming organizations, professionals and programs; resources and trainings for organizations, clergy and other program providers; and our Rukin Rabbinic Fellowship provides offerings for couples in cities nationwide. The main synagogue of the city of Frankfurt am Main (Germany) before the Kristallnacht. The Cymbalista Synagogue and Jewish Heritage Center at Tel Aviv University. This is the holiest spot in a synagogue, equivalent to the Holy of Holies. Delos: a Samaritan inscription has been dated to between 250 and 175 BCE. II Chron. 18Doors is here to support interfaith couples and families exploring Jewish life. The styles of the earliest synagogues resembled the temples of other cults of the Eastern Roman Empire. Large Jewish communities wished to show not only their wealth but also their newly acquired status as citizens by constructing magnificent synagogues. It no longer exists, however, the memorial plaques were moved to a building at the city's Jewish cemetery. Thus, sanctuary seating plans in the Western world generally face east, while those east of Israel face west. The simple reason being that there is no “hard” halakhic (Jewish legal) reason to limit the opening of the ark to those who are Jewish. In antiquity, the Pharisees lived near each other in chavurot and dined together to ensure that none of the food was unfit for consumption. However, the most common type of Ark in the U.S. until the 1840s was a neoclassical structure with a curved, convex front and sliding doors. Sephardi Jews and Romaniote Jews generally use the term kal (from the Hebrew Ḳahal, meaning "community"). North Shore Congregation Israel of Glencoe, IL (Reform). In your synagogue, who can open the ark? The accepted practice is not to leave the Ark empty. The ashes were symbolic of the unworthiness of the congregation (Ta'an. 11:1, 65a) or of the fact that God suffers with His people (Ta'an. On the High Holy Days, the ark is opened by the service leader and the Torah service leaders, all of whom are Bar/Bat Mitzvahs from the previous year, and thus, all Jewish. Because it symbolizes the Holy of Holies of the ancient Temple of Jerusalem, it is the holiest place in the synagogue and the focal point of prayer. A Gothic Ark from Modena from the year 1505, decorated with carved panels, is in the Musée Cluny, Paris. Ar., OḤ 132, Magen Avraham, 6). The scrolls were originally kept in a movable receptacle which served both as their repository and as a pulpit. The Ark is often closed with an ornate curtain, the parochet פרוכת‎, which hangs outside or inside the ark doors. In Spain and the Maghreb, in Babylonia and in the Holy Land, it is customary to kindle lamps in the synagogues and to spread mats on the floor upon which the worshippers sit. The style quickly spread to Eastern Europe, where it inspired Jewish wood and stone carvers to create their masterpieces of folk art.

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