Hasan Ibn al-Haytham  (Alhazen)  Influenced Omar Khayyam, Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma’ruf, Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, Averroes, Al-Khazini, John Peckham, Witelo, Roger Bacon, Kepler. He also went further than anyone before in trying to understand the underlying physics of refraction. Rather than executing or expelling Ibn al-Haytham from Cairo, the caliph decided to put the scholar under permanent protective custody. Opaque objects are struck with light and can become luminous bodies themselves which radiate secondary light. Al-Haytham presented many experiments in Optics that upheld his claims about light and its transmission. He returned to Cairo to inform the caliph that his solution was not possible. [1]. At that time, scholars’ understanding of the phenomenon was a mess. In his book, The Book of Optics, he was the first to disprove the ancient Greek idea that light comes out of the eye, bounces off objects, and comes back to the eye. Ibn al-Haytham suggested that only the light rays that hit the surface of the eye head-on would pass into the eye, creating a representation of the world. Interest in optics began in antiquity. He dealt at length with the theory of various physical phenomena like shadows, eclipses, the rainbow and speculated on the physical nature of … He is known to have said, “If I would be given the chance, I would implement a solution to regulate the Nile flooding”. He developed the field of analytical geometry by exploring the connection between algebra and geometry. 1. [3], The duty of the man who investigates the writings of scientists, if learning the truth is his goal, is to make himself an enemy of all that he reads, and … attack it from every side. Ibn al-Haytham was the first to explain that vision occurs when light bounces on an object and then is directed to one’s eyes. It was published as a print edition in 1572  by Friedrich Risner with the title Opticae thesaurus so that it could be made more easily available. This, and other questions in science, has yet to be solved – leaving a legacy of intrigue for us to tackle today. He was voiced by Alfred Molina in the episode. Through his studies of earlier work by Galen and others, he gave names to several parts of the eye, such as the lens, the retina and the cornea. Abu ‘Ali Al-Hasan bin Al-Haytham (965-1040 C.E.) Abu Ali al-Hassan ibn al-Haytham (Latinized to Alhazen) was born in Basra, now in southern Iraq, in ad 965. In his experiments he used “dark chambers”, trying to confirm the features of light, such as expansion in straight lines, reflexion and refraction of the light beams. We respect your privacy and will never share your email address with any person or organization. Known in the West as Alhazen, Ibn Al-Haytham was born in 965 CE in Basrah, and was educated in Basrah and Baghdad. Taken with slight editorial modifications from islamweb.net. [2], So how did that influence shine its light on later generations? Ibn Al-Haytham’s contribution to mathematics and physics was extensive. The work can be roughly divided into Books I, II and III, devoted to the theory of vision and the associated physiology of the eye and the psychology of perception; and Books IV to VII, covering traditional physical optics. Among Ibn al-Haytham’s other insights was his understanding of the crucial role of visual contrast. According to this scholar retina is the center of vision and the impressions that it receives are transferred to the brain by the optical nerve, in order that brain afterwards create visual image in the symmetrical relationship for both retinas. He made a thorough examination of the passage of light through various media and discovered the laws of refraction. This huge body of experiment and theory culminated in his Book of Optics. [2], Ibn al-Haytham’s most important work is Kitāb al-manāẓir (“Optics”). The list of his books runs to 200 or so, very few of which have survived. The book is also noted for its early use of the scientific method, its description of the camera obscura, and its formulation of Alhazen’s problem. He knew that Islamic law would protect a mad person from bearing responsibility for his failure. Other philosophers around this time, including Epicurus, attempted a form of ‘intromission theory’ of vision (light entering the eye from outside), but it was Plato’s theory that was given a mathematical basis by Euclid, who described light rays emerging in a cone from the eye. He should also suspect himself as he performs his critical examination of it, so that he may avoid falling into either prejudice or leniency. He could find the integral formula for any polynomial without having developed a general formula. Today, as we use laser beams to manipulate atoms, stimulate neurons with light or convey information in entangled photons, it is worth recalling that the foundations of this field were laid down around 1,000 years ago by Ibn al-Haytham.

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