[116] Lions defend their kills from scavengers such as vultures and hyenas. Cultural depictions of lions were prominent in the Upper Paleolithic period; carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France have been dated to 17,000 years ago, and depictions have occurred in virtually all ancient and medieval cultures that coincided with the lion's former and current ranges. [46], The lion is a muscular, deep-chested cat with a short, rounded head, a reduced neck and round ears. [7] Panthera is phonetically similar to the Sanskrit word पाण्डर pând-ara meaning 'pale yellow, whitish, white'. In 2015, it was estimated that this population consists of about 400 animals, including fewer than 250 mature individuals. [193], The presence of numerous human habitations close to the National Park results in conflict between lions, local people and their livestock. [196][197], Lions imported to Europe before the middle of the 19th century were possibly foremost Barbary lions from North Africa, or Cape lions from Southern Africa. It has a muscular, deep-chested body, short, rounded head, round ears, and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. Leroi-Gourhan, A., Allain J. Lions are most active at night and live in a variety of habitats but prefer grassland, savanna, dense scrub, and open woodland. [114] The lion's attack is short and powerful; they attempt to catch prey with a fast rush and final leap. [201] [140] Like those of other cats, the male lion's penis has spines that point backward. Lions prey on a large variety of animals ranging in size from rodents and baboons to Cape (or African) buffalo and hippopotamuses, but they predominantly hunt medium- to large-sized hoofed animals such as wildebeests, zebras, and antelopes. "The Two-Way Process in the Age of Globalization", "Advertising Mascots—Animals—Leo the MGM Lion (MGM Studios)", https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft, "Rare desert lion killed in Angola after supplying unprecedented data", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lion&oldid=980937751, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Historical and present distribution of the lion in. It is sexually dimorphic; adult male lions have a prominent mane. As the rainforest decreased and thus gave rise to more open habitats, lions moved from West to Central Africa. Curator of Mammals, New York State Museum, Albany. A lion may switch lifestyles; nomads can become residents and vice versa. [151] Both male and female lions may be ousted from prides to become nomads, although most females usually remain with their birth pride. In demonstrating the superiority of human over animal, lion taming served a purpose similar to animal fights of previous centuries. [116] They tend to squabble over kills, particularly the males. [188], The last refuge of the Asiatic lion population is the 1,412 km2 (545 sq mi) Gir National Park and surrounding areas in the region of Saurashtra or Kathiawar Peninsula in Gujarat State, India. WildLink International in collaboration with Oxford University launched an ambitious International Barbary Lion Project with the aim of identifying and breeding Barbary lions in captivity for eventual reintroduction into a national park in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco. On hot days, the pride retreats to shade with one or two males standing guard. Male Asiatic lions are solitary or associate with up to three males, forming a loose pride while females associate with up to 12 other females, forming a stronger pride together with their cubs. It was originally used only by Rajputs, a Hindu Kshatriya or military caste but is used by millions of Hindu Rajputs and more than twenty million Sikhs today. The geographic origin of the Panthera is most likely northern Central Asia. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. den definition: 1. the home of particular types of wild animal 2. a room in a house or apartment, used for…. The sphinx, a figure with a lion's body and the head of a human or other creature, represented a pharaoh or deity who had taken on this protective role. Although many modern zoos are more selective about their exhibits,[204] there are more than 1,000 African and 100 Asiatic lions in zoos and wildlife parks around the world. It is absent from rainforest and rarely enters closed forest. They occasionally also prey on larger animals, especially sick or injured ones, and eat found meat such as carrion. Web. Because lions have never been native to China, early depictions were somewhat unrealistic; after the introduction of Buddhist art to China in the Tang Dynasty after the sixth century AD, lions were usually depicted wingless with shorter, thicker bodies and curly manes. [215] The ultimate proof of a tamer's dominance and control over a lion is demonstrated by the placing of the tamer's head in the lion's mouth. A whole genome-wide sequence of lion samples showed that samples from West Africa shared alleles with samples from Southern Africa, and samples from Central Africa shared alleles with samples from Asia. During the outbreak, several lions died from pneumonia and encephalitis. Lions from North Africa dispersed to southern Europe and Asia between 38,800 and 8,300 ago. Hunts are sometimes conducted in groups, with members of a pride encircling a herd or approaching it from opposite directions, then closing in for a kill in the resulting panic. 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