Term that described the homeless children living by themselves on the streets. Immigrants were driven away by commercial agriculture undermining subsistence farming, a shortage of land due to a falling death rate, and religions and political persecution. Match. Brought together many products under one roof such as clothing and furnature; gave excitement to shopping. Progressive politicians who focused on the human problems of the industrial city wanted to change policies rather than the political structure. 60% of the industrial labor force was foreign-born by WWI. Political Machines - § political entities controlled by a boss that wielded enormous influence over the government of urban cities. The new Italian, Polish, Hungarian, Jewish, and Greek immigrants were unskilled. “Good government” movement, led by the National Municipal League, fought to make city management a non-partisan, even non-political, process by bringing the administrative techniques of large corporations to cities. “Bohemians” referred to those who had artistic or intellectual aspirations who lived with disregard for conventional rules of behavior. Term used to describe the influx of people, during the late 19th century. Influences the American consumer market, due to these National networks could sell goods at lower prices. Write. Those seen to be of good moral character and in need of relief. Machine politicians thus allied with progressive reformers. Jane Addams founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889. They strengthened Jim Crow laws requiring separation of races in restaurants, streetcars, beaches, and theatres. The garment industry was seasonal, with long stretches of unemployment and 60 to 70 hour days in busy seasons. They killed 14, 11 of them children. Governor Elias Ammons sent in the National Guard, but the strike had bankrupted the state in spring. The most notorious political boss of Tammany Hall, Refers to a professional or educated worker. 1886-1900. The AFL became the strongest organization of workers following the 1890s depression, organizing by craft. The hall was built in 1830, controlled most of NYC elections. Political machine in New York City that helped Irish immigrants rise up in American politics, controlled democratic party nominations and patronage. Women boosted family incomes by taking in boarders and tending small gardens and livestock. A general fear or dislike of foreigners; popular among the older generations during the 1880s and 1890s due to the rapid immigration rates. B (Intellectual Trends Promoting Reform Pg 731-732), 6. The Issei and Nisei. International, religious and charitable movement that began in 1865 by William Booth. Based in the New South cities and growing among educated professionals, small businessmen, and women benevolent societies. Courts ruled that the Sherman Anti-trust Act made secondary strikes illegal. Small communities outside larger cities with single family homes; modernized in the early 20th century. Term given to the overcrowded housing for workers and the poor, refered to as "slum dwellings.". Machines had close ties to organized prostitution and gambling, as well as legitimate businesses. Businesses that contracted with the city had to stay on the machine’s good side as just another business expense. This led to a violent struggle that ended when President Wilson sent in the Army. In 1920, out of labor force of 42 million, 29 million worked in industry, but only 10.4 million on farms. boss of the tammany hall political machine. Gearge Washington Plunkett brought up for public projects and resold it at inflated prices. He often gave them patronagem jobs in the city govt. Florence Kelley helped direct the support of the settlement house movement behind groundbreaking state and federal labor legislation. The Western Federation of Miners led strikes marred by violence against the unsafe working conditions in mines, the Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining Company hiring armed detectives and firing all union members during a strike. The coal companies sent in private guards, who attacked the mining camps on April 20, 1914. In 1900, out of a labor force of 28.5 million, 16 million worked in industries, 11 million on farms. D (Progressivism in the statehouse: West and South Pg 729), 5. STUDY. Race, ethnicity, and differences in skill were barriers to organizing in trade unions. An exposition of art at the Ashcan School, where the pieces portrayed harsh social realities in 1913.

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