PEI did not report 1924-1928; Newfoundland did not report until 1949; Yukon did not report 1924-1955; Northwest Territories did not report 1924-1958; Nunavut data for 1999 are only partial, for 2007 & 2009 are missing, and for 2008, 2010-2011 are preliminary. Hospitalization and death are more common among infants, particularly those 3 months of age or less. You will not receive a reply. See the Surveillance section for more information on pertussis surveillance in Canada. For enquiries, contact us. Health professionals in Canada play a critical role in identifying and reporting cases of pertussis. If you are not getting treatment, avoid contact with others. With approximately 400,000 deaths per year, pertussis remains one of the leading causes of death among non-immunized children, mainly in developing countries. Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The incidence of pertussis is highest in infants and children, and decreases significantly in those older than 14 years (refer to Figure 2). The x axis is year and ranges from 1980 to 2012. If immunization status is incomplete and no contraindications are identified, recommended doses of vaccine should be given. The incubation period is 9 to 10 days (range, 6 to 20 days) and may rarely be as long as 42 days. If you have pertussis, make sure the people you are in contact with are fully immunized against pertussis. You will not receive a reply. Wang K, Bettiol S, Thompson MJ, et al. Contacts, especially children, must have their immunization status verified. Young infants are also at highest risk of pertussis-associated complications. PEI did not report 1924-1928; Newfoundland did not report until 1949; Yukon did not report 1924-1955; Northwest Territories did not report 1924-1958; Nunavut data for 1999 are only partial, for 2007 & 2009 are missing, and for 2008, 2010-2011 are preliminary. This will facilitate timely treatment of pertussis cases (to reduce infectiousness) and follow up of high risk contacts. Three key things you should tell your patients with whooping cough: How long they are infectious (after five days of antibiotic treatment or three weeks from onset if untreated) How the infection is … See your doctor early if you suspect you may have pertussis since early treatment is more effective. This is a combined bar and line graph showing the number of pertussis cases, in bars, and the incidence rate of pertussis per 100,000 population, using a line, in Canada over time. Infectiousness is greatest during the catarrhal stage and during the first 2 weeks after cough onset. The incubation period of whooping cough is usually about 7 days, and the person is infectious for 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The highest mean incidence rates from 2005 to 2011 were: Following the introduction of a single adolescent dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in 2004, between 2005 and 2011, the incidence of pertussis decreased in all age groups, most notably among those aged 10 to14 years (84% decrease) and those aged 15 to 19 years of age (81% decrease). The initial catarrhal stage is characterized by runny nose, sneezing, low-grade fever, and a mild cough, similar to a cold. 2007;(3):CD004404. The x axis is year and ranges from 1924 to 2012. Case data for 2012 were obtained directly from provinces and territories by CIRID and are preliminary. Pneumonia is the most common cause of death, principally occurring in infants less than 6 months of age. For further information about the immunization recommendations, please refer to the most recent version of the Canadian Immunization Guide. Immunization between 13 and 26 weeks of gestation or later on in pregnancy may also be considered if the 27-32 week window was missed, please refer to the most recent version of the Canadian Immunization Guide for these considerations. Specific disease management and control guidelines may be available at the provincial, territorial, or local level. This is a line graph that shows the incidence rate of pertussis per 100,000 population by age group in years in Canada over time. Pertussis is endemic worldwide and occurs year round, even in regions with high vaccination coverage. Vaccinating pregnant women increases maternal antibody transfer providing immediate protection to the vulnerable newborn who is not yet immunized. Highest pertussis rates are typically reported in unimmunized infants and adolescents, while mortality is rare in industrialized countries and is estimated to occur in 1 out of every 1000 unprotected children, the most vulnerable cohort. early diagnosis and treatment of cases, by encouraging people with coughing illnesses to seek early medical attention. Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection. After 1 to 2 weeks of gradually worsening cough, the paroxysmal stage begins. Serious complications occur mainly in infants and may include pneumonia, atelectasis, seizures, encephalopathy, hernias and death. A decrease from 1943 to 1975 and stable until 1989, at which point cases ranged between 1301 and 3387 and incidence rates between 5 and 13 cases per 100,000. Pertussis is a cyclical disease, which peaks at two to five year intervals. Stay isolated for three weeks after your cough started, or until your cough ends, whichever comes first. 16.0 cases per 100,000 population among 10 to 14 year olds (mean: 328 cases per year). Booster doses are recommended at 12 to 23 months (generally given at 18 months of age), 4 to 6 years, and 14 to 16 years of age. In young infants, who are at the highest risk, clinical symptoms are frequently atypical. In general, an individual should be considered infectious from the beginning of infection to 3 weeks after onset of coughing, if not treated with antibiotics. Antimicrobials are recommended for both treatment of pertussis cases and prophylaxis of case contacts. Specific disease management and control guidelines may be available at the provincial, territorial, or local level. 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