Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1986. The New Laws were a series of royal ordinances designed to halt the abuses of the encomienda system, particularly in Peru. Moya Pons, Frank. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (Kindle Locations 338-341). . The encomienda system was put in place in several areas, most importantly in Peru. It was essentially enslavement, given but a thin (and illusory) veneer of respectability for the Catholic education that it implied. The encomenderos there showed an inhuman indifference to the suffering of the families on their encomiendas. Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. . Power passed to royal officials, miners, landowners, and eventually merchants. Indigenous leaders were charged with mobilizing the assessed tribute and labor. [25], The encomienda system was generally replaced by the crown-managed repartimiento system throughout Spanish America after mid-sixteenth century. Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain’s colonies was prohibited. The Indigenous people instead brought the tribute to wherever the owner happened to be, generally in the larger cities. Encomienda, in Spain’s American and Philippine colonies, legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population. On the Spanish side, the institution grew out of the Reconquest tradition. This right was formally protected by the crown of Castile because the rights of administration in the New World belonged to this crown and not to the Catholic monarchs as a whole.[9]. Kramer, Wendy. Despite being used in the Spanish colonies for more than 200 years, the encomienda system was never fully supported by its monarchy. Encomienda Politics in Early Colonial Guatemala, 1524–1544: Dividing the Spoils. Once the encomiendas reverted to the crown, they were overseen by corregidores, royal agents who administered crown holdings. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. It refers to a system that was used by Spain [1] in the New World to reward the conquistadors (conquerors). As the population declined the Spanish government made regulations to do away with the system. What’s The Difference Between Atheism And Agnosticism? Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. “Epidemic” vs. “Pandemic” vs. “Endemic”: What Do These Terms Mean? the first major institutional law. "In the economies of the Spanish colonies, Indian labor, used in the Encomienda system to support plantation-based agriculture and extract precious metals and other resources, was gradually replaced by African slavery." The first generation of mestizos…, 1485-1547 Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Encomienda definition is - an estate of land and the inhabiting American Indians formerly granted to Spanish colonists or adventurers in America for purposes of tribute and evangelization. One source claims the Spanish conquest was responsible for 1,400,000 to 2,300,000 deaths explicitly excluding tens of millions of deaths from New World disease;[39] while Rudolph Rummel claims that 2 to 15 million indigenous peoples where killed by what he calls "democide"-(government caused murder) in the colonization of the Americas mostly in Latin America[51]-(mostly implying anywhere from just over half to all but 1 so around 1,000,001 to 14,999,999 deaths. Christopher Columbus established the encomienda system after his arrival and settlement on the island of Hispaniola requiring them[who?] "[27] Economic historian Timothy J. Yeager argued the encomienda was deadlier than conventional slavery because of individual laborer's life being disposable in the face of simply being replaced with a laborer from the same plot of land. 10 Types Of Nouns Used In The English Language. It eventually did so by regulating the amount of tribute that the Indian population had to deliver; by abolishing personal, unpaid service by the Indians to the encomendero; by creating a loyal royal bureaucracy; and by fostering the rise of an independent class of Spanish farmers that would counterbalance the encomendero class.

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