These works, therefore, will be necessarily non-union after the expiration of the present agreement. As Sidney Lens pointed out in his classic The Labor Wars: From the Molly Maguires to the Sit-Downs, membership in the Amalgamated Association plummeted from 24,000 to 10,000 in 1894 and down to 8,000 in 1895. Telegraph communications with AA locals in other cities were established to keep tabs on the company's attempts to hire replacement workers. The Homestead steel mill was in Homestead, Pennsylvania several miles away from Pittsburgh on the Monongahela River. Management was determined to provoke a strike. With the mill ringed by striking workers, agents from the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, which Frick had contracted to provide security at the plant in April 1892, planned to access the plant grounds from the river. But the real talks were taking place between McCleary and Weihe in McCleary's office. The Homestead strike was an industrial lockout and strike at the Homestead steel mill in Pennsylvania. Reporters were issued special badges which gave them safe passage through the town, but the badges were withdrawn if it was felt misleading or false information made it into the news. And in November, the Amalgamated Association collapsed. La grève de Homestead est un lock-out et une grève industriels qui ont débuté le 30 juin 1892 à l'aciérie Homestead Steel Works (en) de Homestead (Pennsylvanie). "[12] Carnegie believed that the Amalgamated was a hindrance to efficiency; furthermore it was not representative of the workers. Although Pattison had ordered the Pennsylvania militia to muster on July 6, he had not formally charged it with doing anything. [57], De-unionization efforts throughout the Midwest began against the AA in 1897 when Jones and Laughlin Steel refused to sign a contract. document.documentElement.className += 'js'; "One thing we are all sure of: No contest will be entered in that will fail. The press expressed shock at the treatment of the Pinkerton agents, and the torrent of abuse helped turn media sympathies away from the strikers. The company men, too, had to post a $10,000 bond, but they were not forced to spend any time in jail. Hated by laborers nationwide, the Pinkertons had long been used to bust strikes -- often by busting heads. The union contract contained 58 pages of footnotes defining work-rules at the plant and strictly limited management's ability to maximize output. The strikers blew the plant whistle at 2:30 a.m., drawing thousands of men, women and children to the plant. At home, the conservative Cleveland Chamber of Commerce banned Carnegie from honorary membership. Backed by 2,000 townspeople, the strikers drove off a trainload of strikebreakers on July 10. Des travailleurs des installations de Carnegie à Pittsburgh, Duquesne, Union Mills et Beaver Falls font la grève par solidarité[18]. The Works are not worth one drop of human blood. Meanwhile, Pittsburgh workers loudly protested the city's acceptance of a Carnegie library and art museum. Three hundred locked-out men applied for work and were rehired. Explore resources and ideas for Using DPLA's Primary Source Sets in your classroom. Dans une lettre datée du 4 avril 1892, Carnegie écrit « [...] la compagnie a décidé que la minorité doit céder à la majorité. "Matters at home bad -- such a fiasco trying to send guards by Boat and then leaving space between River & fences for the men to get opposite landing and fire. They went as far as I could have wished, but the false step was made in trying to run the Homestead Works with new men. Pattison to attempt to persuade him that law and order had been restored in the town. "The mills have never been able to turn out the product they should, owing to being held back by the Amalgamated men," he complained in a letter to Carnegie. Malgré sa victoire, le syndicat accepte des coupures de salaire significatives qui entraînent un taux horaire plus de la moitié plus faible que celui des travailleurs de la Jones and Laughlin Steel Company (en), où aucune amélioration technologique n'a été faite[8],[9]. Carnegie's mighty steel industry was not immune to the downturn. Then Frick offered a slightly better wage scale and advised the Superintendent to tell the workers, "We do not care whether a man belongs to a union or not, nor do we wish to interfere. Carnegie corporation attorney Philander Knox gave the go-ahead to the sheriff on July 5, and McCleary dispatched 11 deputies to the town to post handbills ordering the strikers to stop interfering with the plant's operation.

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